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An ultrafast route to prepare up-converting single β-phase NaYF 4 :Yb 3+ ,Ln 3+ (Ln: Er, Tm, or Tb) short nanorods (UCNRs) of high quality was developed. This new procedure affords reactive-surface nanorods that are easily coated by direct injection of suitable capping ligands. Thus highly crystalline nanorods with excellent UC fluorescence and good solvent-selective dispersion are obtained, which represents a significant advance in the field and enlarges their use for biomedical and other technological applications. Unlike other methodologies, the short reaction time provides a kinetic control over crystallization processes, and the β-phase and rod morphology is preserved regardless of the optically active Ln 3+ ion. The UC emission was finely tuned by using the most popular Yb 3+ /Tm 3+ and Yb 3+ /Er 3+ pairs. More importantly, UCNRs doped with the unusual Yb 3+ /Tb 3+ pair, with no ladder-like energy levels, provided a nice emission upon near-infrared excitation, which constitutes the first example of phonon-assisted cooperative sensitization to date in pure β-NaYF 4 nanocrystals.

Ultrafast Synthesis and Coating of High-Quality β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Ln3+ Short Nanorods

Ultrafast Synthesis and Coating of High-Quality β-NaYF₄:Yb³⁺,Ln³⁺ Short Nanorods