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Efficient charge separation at the interfaces between the perovskite and withthe carrier transport layers is crucial for perovskite solar cells to achievehigh power conversion efficiency. We systematically investigate the holeinjection dynamics from MAPbI$_3$ perovskite to three typical hole transportmaterials (HTMs) PEDOT:PSS, PTAA and NiO$_x$ by means of pump-probetransmission measurements. We photoexcite only near the MAPbI$_3$/HTM interfaceor near the back surface, and measure the differential transient transmissionbetween the two excitation configurations to extract the carrier dynamicsdirectly related to the hole injection. The differential transmission signalsdirectly monitor the hole injections to PTAA and PEDOT:PSS being completewithin 1 and 2 ps, respectively, and that to NiO$_x$ exhibiting an additionalslow process of 40 ps time scale. The obtained injection dynamics are discussedin comparison with the device performance of the solar cells containing thesame MAPbI$_3$/HTM interfaces.

Direct Observation of Sub-picosecond Hole Injection from Lead Halide Perovskite by Differential Transient Transmission Spectroscopy