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Titanium disulfide TiS$_2$, which is a member of the layered transition-metaldichalcogenides with the 1T-CdI$_2$-type crystal structure, is known to exhibita wide variety of magnetism through intercalating various kinds oftransition-metal atoms of different concentrations. Among them, Fe-intercalatedtitanium disulfide Fe$_x$TiS$_2$ is known to be ferromagnetic with strongperpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and large coercive fields($H_\text{c}$). In order to study the microscopic origin of the magnetism ofthis compound, we have performed X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-raymagnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements on single crystals of heavilyintercalated Fe$_x$TiS$_2$ ($x\sim0.5$). The grown single crystals showed astrong PMA with a large $H_\text{c}$ of $\mu_0H_\text{c} \simeq 1.0\ \text{T}$.XAS and XMCD spectra showed that Fe is fully in the valence states of 2+ andthat Ti is in an itinerant electronic state, indicating electron transfer fromthe intercalated Fe atoms to the host TiS$_2$ bands. The Fe$^{2+}$ ions wereshown to have a large orbital magnetic moment of $\simeq 0.59\\mu_\text{B}\text{/Fe}$, to which, combined with the spin-orbit interaction andthe trigonal crystal field, we attribute the strong magnetic anisotropy ofFe$_x$TiS$_2$.

Large Orbital Magnetic Moment and Strong Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Heavily Intercalated Fe$_{x}$TiS$_2$