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The study of hard-particle packings is of fundamental importance in physics,chemistry, cell biology, and discrete geometry. Much of the previous work onhard-particle packings concerns their densest possible arrangements. Bycontrast, we examine kinetic effects inevitably present in both numerical andexperimental packing protocols. Specifically, we determine how changing thecompression/shear rate of a two-dimensional packing of noncircular particlescauses it to deviate from its densest possible configuration, which is alwaysperiodic. The adaptive shrinking cell (ASC) optimization scheme maximizes thepacking fraction of a hard-particle packing by first applying randomtranslations and rotations to the particles and then isotropically compressingand shearing the simulation box repeatedly until a possibly jammed state isreached. We use a stochastic implementation of the ASC optimization scheme tomimic different effective time scales by varying the number of particle movesbetween compressions/shears. We generate dense, effectively jammed,monodisperse, two-dimensional packings of obtuse scalene triangle, rhombus,curved triangle, lens, and "ice cream cone" (a semicircle grafted onto anisosceles triangle) shaped particles, with a wide range of packing fractionsand degrees of order. To quantify these kinetic effects, we introduce thekinetic frustration index $K$, which measures the deviation of a packing fromits maximum possible packing fraction. To investigate how kinetics affectshort- and long-range ordering in these packings, we compute their spectraldensities and characterize their contact networks. We find that kinetic effectsare most significant when the particles have greater asphericity, lesscurvature, and less rotational symmetry. This work may be relevant to thedesign of laboratory packing protocols.

Kinetic Frustration Effects on Dense Two-Dimensional Packings of Convex Particles and Their Structural Characteristics