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By bridging graphene and benzene through a well-defined sequence ofpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their inherent shell structure, J. Phys.Chem. C, 2018, 122, 17526, it is shown that graphene is actually a coherentarrangement of interwoven benzene molecules, which are coordinated byaromaticity, shell structure and topology, all interrelated. The exoticproperties of graphene are in fact macroscopic manifestations of aromaticity.At the molecular level this is revealed as a dynamical flipping of the atomicpz-orbitals belonging to different sublattices, leading to a dynamicalinterchange between aromatic and non-aromatic rings, associated with frontieroccupied-unoccupied orbitals or valence-conduction bands interchange withopposite parities, in full agreement with many-body and topological insulatorstheory. Such dynamical interchange or coupling is driven by inversionsymmetry-breaking, activated through geometrical frustration between sublatticeand space group symmetry. This, for rectangular nanographenes, in contrast tohexagonal, leads to topological gapless edge states, which, contrary toopposite claims, are not spin polarized.

Bridging the Physics and Chemistry of graphene. From Huckel aromaticity to Dirac cones and topological insulators