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The 1 L b and 1 L a excited states of naphthols are characterized by using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), configuration interaction with singles (CIS), and equation-of-motion coupled cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) methods. TDDFT fails dramatically at predicting the energy and ordering of the 1 L a and 1 L b excited states as observed experimentally, while EOM-CCSD accurately predicts the excited states as characterized by natural transition orbital analysis. The limitations of TDDFT are attributed to the absence of correlation from doubly excited configurations as well as the inconsistent description of excited electronic states of naphthol photoacids revealed by excitation analysis based on the one-electron transition density matrix.

Can TDDFT Describe Excited Electronic States of Naphthol Photoacids? A Closer Look with EOM-CCSD