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Nearly all standard force fields employ the 'sum-of-spheres' approximation,which models intermolecular interactions purely in terms of interatomicdistances. Nonetheless, atoms in molecules can have significantly non-sphericalshapes, leading to interatomic interaction energies with strong orientationdependencies. Neglecting this 'atomic-level anisotropy' can lead to significanterrors in predicting interaction energies. Herein we propose a simple,transferable, and computationally-efficient model (MASTIFF) wherebyatomic-level orientation dependence can be incorporated into ab initiointermolecular force fields. MASTIFF includes anisotropic exchange-repulsion,charge penetration, and dispersion effects, in conjunction with a standardtreatment of anisotropic long-range (multipolar) electrostatics. To validateour approach, we benchmark MASTIFF against various sum-of-spheres models over alarge library of intermolecular interactions between small organic molecules.MASTIFF achieves quantitative accuracy with respect to both high-levelelectronic structure theory and experiment, thus showing promise as a basis for'next-generation' force field development.

New angles on standard force fields: towards a general approach for treating atomic-level anisotropy