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We demonstrate theoretically and numerically that laser-driven many-electrondynamics, as described by bivariational time-dependent coupled-cluster theory,may be analyzed in terms of stationary-state populations. Projectorsheuristically defined from linear response theory and equation-of-motioncoupled-cluster theory are proposed for the calculation of stationary-statepopulations during interaction with laser pulses or other external forces, andconservation laws of the populations are discussed. Numerical tests of theproposed projectors, involving both linear and nonlinear optical processes forthe He and Be atoms, and for the LiH, CH$^+$, and LiF molecules, show that thelaser-driven evolution of the stationary-state populations at thecoupled-cluster singles-and-doubles (CCSD) level is very close to that obtainedby full configuration-interaction theory provided all stationary statesactively participating in the dynamics are sufficiently well approximated. Whendouble-excited states are important for the dynamics, the quality of the CCSDresults deteriorate. Observing that populations computed from thelinear-response projector may show spurious small-amplitude, high-frequencyoscillations, the equation-of-motion projector emerges as the most promisingapproach to stationary-state populations.

Interpretation of Coupled-Cluster Many-Electron Dynamics in Terms of Stationary States