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A magnetic solid with weak spin frustration tends to adopt a noncollinearmagnetic structure such as cycloidal structure below a certain temperature anda spin density wave (SDW) slightly above this temperature. The causes for theseobserva-tions were explored by studying the magnetic structures of BaYFeO4,which undergoes an SDW and a cycloidal phase transi-tion below 48 and 36 K,respectively, in terms of density func-tional theory calculations. We show thatan SDW structure aris-es from a superposition of two magnetic states ofopposite chi-rality, an SDW state precedes a chiral magnetic state due to thelattice relaxation, and whether an SDW is transversal or longitudinal isgoverned by the magnetic anisotropy of magnetic ions.

Spin density wave as a superposition of two magnetic states of opposite chirality and its implications