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Mechanical strength and biocompatibility are considered the main prerequisites for materials in total hip replacement or joint prosthesis. Noninvasive surgical procedures are necessary to monitor the performance of a medical device in vivo after implantation. To this aim, simultaneous Gd 3+ and Dy 3+ additions to the ZrO 2 -SiO 2 binary system were investigated. The results demonstrate the effective role of Gd 3+ and Dy 3+ o maintain the structural and mechanical stability of cubic zirconia ( c-ZrO 2 ) up to 1400 °C, through their occupancy of ZrO 2 lattice sites. A gradual tetragonal to cubic zirconia ( t-ZrO 2 → c-ZrO 2 ) phase transition is also observed that is dependent on the Gd 3+ and Dy 3+ content in the ZrO 2 -SiO 2 . The crystallization of either ZrSiO 4 or SiO 2 at elevated temperatures is delayed by the enhanced thermal energy consumed by the excess inclusion of Gd 3+ and Dy 3+ at c-ZrO 2 lattice. The addition of Gd 3+ and Dy 3+ leads to an increase in the density, elastic modulus, hardness, and toughness above that of unmodified ZrO 2 -SiO 2 . The multimodal imaging contrast enhancement of the Gd 3+ and Dy 3+ combinations were revealed through magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography contrast imaging tests. Biocompatibility of the Gd 3+ and Dy 3+ dual-doped ZrO 2 -SiO 2 systems was verified through in vitro biological studies.

inorganic chemistry

Structural, Mechanical, Imaging and in Vitro Evaluation of the Combined Effect of Gd3+ and Dy3+ in the ZrO2–SiO2 Binary System