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Terminal dinitrogen complexes of iron ligated by tripodal, tetradentate P 3  X ligands (X = B, C, Si) have previously been shown to mediate catalytic N 2 -to-NH 3 conversion (N 2 RR) with external proton and electron sources. From this set of compounds, the tris(phosphino)borane (P 3  B ) system is most active under all conditions canvassed thus far. To further probe the effects of the apical Lewis acidic atom on structure, bonding, and N 2 RR activity, Fe-N 2 complexes supported by analogous group 13 tris(phosphino)alane (P 3  Al ) and tris(phosphino)gallane (P 3  Ga ) ligands are synthesized. The series of P 3  X Fe-N 2  [0/1-] compounds (X = B, Al, Ga) possess similar electronic structures, degrees of N 2 activation, and geometric flexibility as determined from spectroscopic, structural, electrochemical, and computational (DFT) studies. However, treatment of [Na(12-crown-4) 2 ][P 3  X Fe-N 2 ] (X = Al, Ga) with excess acid/reductant in the form of HBAr F  4 /KC 8 generates only 2.5 ± 0.1 and 2.7 ± 0.2 equiv of NH 3 per Fe, respectively. Similarly, the use of [H 2 NPh 2 ][OTf]/Cp* 2 Co leads to the production of 4.1 ± 0.9 (X = Al) and 3.6 ± 0.3 (X = Ga) equiv of NH 3 . Preliminary reactivity studies confirming P 3  X Fe framework stability under pseudocatalytic conditions suggest that a greater selectivity for hydrogen evolution versus N 2 RR may be responsible for the attenuated yields of NH 3 observed for P 3  Al Fe and P 3  Ga Fe relative to P 3  B Fe.

inorganic chemistry

Tripodal P3XFe–N2 Complexes (X = B, Al, Ga): Effect of the Apical Atom on Bonding, Electronic Structure, and Catalytic N2-to-NH3 Conversion