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This work aims to obtain full-scale N 2 O emission characteristics translatable into viable N 2 O control strategies and conduct full-scale testing of the proposed N 2 O control concepts. Data of a long-term monitoring campaign was first used to quantify full-scale N 2 O emission and probe into the seasonal pattern. Then trends between N 2 O production/emission and process variables/conditions during typical operating cycles were revealed to explore the dynamic N 2 O emission behavior. A multivariate statistical analysis was performed to find the dependency of N 2 O emission on relevant process variables. The results show for the first time that relatively low/high N 2 O emission took place in seasons with a decreasing/increasing trend of water temperature, respectively. Aerobic phase contributed to N 2 O production/emission probably mainly through the hydroxylamine pathway. Comparatively, heterotrophic bacteria had a dual role in the anoxic phase and could be responsible for both net N 2 O production and consumption. Incomplete denitrification might contribute mainly to the N 2 O production/emission in the anoxic phase and the accumulation of N 2 O to be significantly emitted in the following cycle due to the competition between different denitrification steps for electron donors. Therefore, properly extending the length of anoxic phase could serve as a potential control means to regulate N 2 O accumulation in the anoxic phase. The full-scale testing not only verified the efficacy of reduced dissolved oxygen set-point in reducing N 2 O emission by 60%, but also confirmed the proposed concepts of control over the aerobic and anoxic phases collectively.

environmental science and technology

Assessment of Full-Scale N<sub>2</sub>O Emission Characteristics and Testing of Control Concepts in an Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plant with Alternating Aerobic and Anoxic Phases

Assessment of Full-Scale N2O Emission Characteristics and Testing of Control Concepts in an Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plant with Alternating Aerobic and Anoxic Phases

Assessment of Full-Scale N₂O Emission Characteristics and Testing of Control Concepts in an Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plant with Alternating Aerobic and Anoxic Phases