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This paper presents an accelerated ferrate(VI) (Fe VI O 4  2- , Fe VI ) oxidation of contaminants in 30 s by adding one-electron and two-electron transfer reductants (R (1) and R (2) ). An addition of R (2) (e.g., NH 2 OH, As III , Se IV , P III , and NO 2  - , and S 2 O 3  2- ) results in Fe IV initially, while Fe V is generated with the addition of R (1) (e.g., SO 3  2- ). R (2) additives, except S 2 O 3  2- , show the enhanced oxidation of 20-40% of target contaminant, trimethoprim (TMP). Comparatively, enhanced oxidation of TMP was up to 100% with the addition of R (1) to Fe VI . Interestingly, addition of S 2 O 3  2- (i.e., R (2) ) also achieves the enhanced oxidation to 100%. Removal efficiency of TMP depends on the molar ratio ([R (1) ]:[Fe VI ] or [R (2) ]:[Fe VI ]). Most of the reductants have the highest removal at molar ratio of ∼0.125. A Fe VI -S 2 O 3  2- system also oxidizes rapidly a wide range of organic contaminants (pharmaceuticals, pesticides, artificial sweetener, and X-ray contrast media) in water and real water matrices. Fe V and Fe IV as the oxidative species in the Fe VI -S 2 O 3  2- -contaminant system are elucidated by determining removal of contaminants in oxygenated and deoxygenated water, applying probing agent, and identifying oxidized products of TMP and sulfadimethoxine (SDM) by Fe VI -S 2 O 3  2- systems. Significantly, elimination of SO 2 from sulfonamide (i.e., SDM) is observed for the first time.

Accelerated Oxidation of Organic Contaminants by Ferrate(VI): The Overlooked Role of Reducing Additives