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No study has evaluated the mutagenicity of atmospheres with a calculated air quality health index (AQHI). Thus, we generated in a UV-light-containing reaction chamber two simulated atmospheres (SAs) with similar AQHIs but different proportions of criteria pollutants and evaluated them for mutagenicity in three Salmonella strains at the air-agar interface. We continuously injected into the chamber gasoline, nitric oxide, and ammonium sulfate, as well as either α-pinene to produce SA-PM, which had a high concentration of particulate matter (PM): 119 ppb ozone (O 3 ), 321 ppb NO 2 , and 1007 μg/m 3 PM 2.5 ; or isoprene to produce SA-O 3 , which had a high ozone (O 3 ) concentration: 415 ppb O 3 , 633 ppb NO 2 , and 55 μg/m 3 PM 2.5 . Neither PM 2.5 extracts, NO 2 , or O 3 alone, nor nonphoto-oxidized mixtures were mutagenic or cytotoxic. Both photo-oxidized atmospheres were largely direct-acting base-substitution mutagens with similar mutagenic potencies in TA100 and TA104. The mutagenic potencies [(revertants/h)/(mgC/m 3 )] of SA-PM (4.3 ± 0.4) and SA-O 3 (9.5 ± 1.3) in TA100 were significantly different ( P &lt; 0.0001), but the mutation spectra were not ( P = 0.16), being ∼54% C → T and ∼46% C → A. Thus, the AQHI may have some predictive value for the mutagenicity of the gas phase of air.

Evaluation of an Air Quality Health Index for Predicting the Mutagenicity of Simulated Atmospheres