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Abiotic processes involving the reactive ammonia-oxidation intermediates nitric oxide (NO) or hydroxylamine (NH 2 OH) for N 2 O production have been indicated recently. The latter process would require the availability of substantial amounts of free NH 2 OH for chemical reactions during ammonia (NH 3 ) oxidation, but little is known about extracellular NH 2 OH formation by the different clades of ammonia-oxidizing microbes. Here we determined extracellular NH 2 OH concentrations in culture media of several ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA), as well as one complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) enrichment (Ca. Nitrospira inopinata) during incubation under standard cultivation conditions. NH 2 OH was measurable in the incubation media of Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrosospira multiformis, Nitrososphaera gargensis, and Ca. Nitrosotenuis uzonensis, but not in media of the other tested AOB and AOA. NH 2 OH was also formed by the comammox enrichment during NH 3 oxidation. This enrichment exhibited the largest NH 2 OH:final product ratio (1.92%), followed by N. multiformis (0.56%) and N. gargensis (0.46%). The maximum proportions of NH 4  + converted to N 2 O via extracellular NH 2 OH during incubation, estimated on the basis of NH 2 OH abiotic conversion rates, were 0.12%, 0.08%, and 0.14% for AOB, AOA, and Ca. Nitrospira inopinata, respectively, and were consistent with published NH 4  + :N 2 O conversion ratios for AOB and AOA.

Abiotic Conversion of Extracellular NH2OH Contributes to N2O Emission during Ammonia Oxidation

Abiotic Conversion of Extracellular NH₂OH Contributes to N₂O Emission during Ammonia Oxidation