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Point-of-use (POU) devices with satisfactory lead (Pb 2+ ) removal performance are urgently needed in response to recent outbreaks of lead contamination in drinking water. This study experimentally demonstrated the excellent lead removal capability of two-dimensional (2D) MoS 2 nanosheets in aqueous form and as part of a layer-stacked membrane. Among all materials ever reported in the literature, MoS 2 nanosheets exhibit the highest adsorption capacity (740 mg/g), and the strongest selectivity/affinity toward Pb 2+ with a distribution coefficien K  d hat is orders of magnitude higher than that of other lead adsorption materials (5.2 × 10 7 mL/g). Density functional theory (DFT) simulation was performed to complement experimental measurements and to help understand the adsorption mechanisms. The results confirmed that the cation selectivity of MoS 2 follows the order Pb 2+ &gt; Cu 2+ ≫ Cd 2+ &gt; Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ &gt; Mg 2+ , K + , Ca 2+ . The membrane formed with layer-stacked MoS 2 nanosheets exhibited a high water flux (145 L/m 2 /h/bar), while effectively decreasing Pb 2+ concentration in drinking water from a few mg/L to less than 10 μg/L. The removal capacity of the MoS 2 membrane is a few orders of magnitude higher than that of other literature-reported membrane filters. Therefore, the layer-stacked MoS 2 membrane has great potential for POU removal of lead from drinking water.

Superselective Removal of Lead from Water by Two-Dimensional MoS2 Nanosheets and Layer-Stacked Membranes

Superselective Removal of Lead from Water by Two-Dimensional MoS₂ Nanosheets and Layer-Stacked Membranes