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The potential implementation of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography into next generation device processing is bringing urgency to identify resist materials that optimize EUV lithographic performance. Inorganic/organic hybrid nanoparticles or clusters constitute a promising new class of materials, with high EUV sensitivity from the core and tunable chemistry through the coordinating ligands. Development of a thorough mechanistic understanding of the solubility switching reactions in these materials is an essential first step toward their implementation in patterning applications but remains challenging due to the complexity of their structures, limitations in EUV sources, and lack of rigorous in situ characterization. Here, we report a mechanistic investigation of the solubility switching reactions in hybrid clusters comprising a small HfOx core capped with a methacrylic acid ligand shell (HfMAA). We show that EUV-induced reactions can be studied by performing in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy of electr...

Chemical Modification Mechanisms in Hybrid Hafnium Oxo-methacrylate Nanocluster Photoresists for Extreme Ultraviolet Patterning