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Several universal buffer solutions, variably composed of 3 to 5 mM potassium acetate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ethylenediammonium dichloride, and Borax, were examined as a convenient and reliable method for calibrating a glass electrode to read true hydrogen ion concentration. From the results of 19 titrations, 25/sup 0/C, pH 2 to 12, I, 0.05 to 0.20 M (KCl), pH meter (adjusted with NBS pH/sub s/ 4.008 and 6.865 buffers) readings, pH/sub m/, using a Beckman 39501 combination electrode, can be converted to -log (H/sup +/), p(H), by pH/sub m/ = ..delta..' + S'p(H) where ..delta..' = 0.2269 - 1.949 I + 7.756 I/sup 2/, sigma(..delta..') = 0.019 pH and S' = 0.9657 + 0.4752 I - 1.532 I/sup 2/, sigma(S') = 0.0022. At I 0.1 M pH/sub m/ = 0.110 + 0.998 p(H). A FORTRAN computer program was coded to calculate ..delta..' and S' for any titration in the range 0 to 40/sup 0/C and 0 to 0.3 M (KCl), and for any combination of the four buffer components. A microcomputer-controlled automatic titrator, programmed in BASIC, was used to collect the potentiometric data. 6 figures, 2 tables.

analytical chemistry

Accurate measurements of the concentration of hydrogen ions with a glass electrode: calibrations using the Prideaux and other universal buffer solutions and a computer-controlled automatic titrator