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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a pathology that ultimately causes joint destruction.The cartilage is one of the principal affected tissues. Alterations in thelipid mediators and an imbalance in the metabolism of cells that form thecartilage (chondrocytes) have been described as contributors to the OAdevelopment. In this study, we have studied the distribution of lipids andchemical elements in healthy and OA human cartilage. Time of flight-secondaryion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) allows us to study the spatial distribution ofmolecules at a high resolution on a tissue section. TOF-SIMS revealed aspecific peak profile that distinguishes healthy from OA cartilages. Thespatial distribution of cholesterol-related peaks exhibited a remarkabledifference between healthy and OA cartilages. A distinctive colocalization ofcholesterol and other lipids in the superficial area of the cartilage wasfound. A higher intensity of oleic acid and other fatty acids in the OAcartilages exhibited a similar localization. On the other hand, CN(-) wasobserved with a higher intensity in the healthy samples. Finally, we observedan accumulation of calcium and phosphate ions exclusively in areas surroundingthe chondrocyte in OA tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first time thatTOF-SIMS revealed combined changes in the molecular distribution in the OAhuman cartilage.

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry-based molecular distribution distinguishing healthy and osteoarthritic human cartilage