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The cosmic 21 cm signal is set to revolutionise our understanding of theearly Universe, allowing us to probe the 3D temperature and ionisationstructure of the intergalactic medium (IGM). It will open a window onto theunseen first galaxies, showing us how their UV and X-ray photons drove thecosmic milestones of the epoch of reionisation (EoR) and epoch of heating(EoH). To facilitate parameter inference from the 21 cm signal, we previouslydeveloped 21CMMC: a Monte Carlo Markov Chain sampler of 3D EoR simulations.Here we extend 21CMMC to include simultaneous modelling of the EoH, resultingin a complete Bayesian inference framework for the astrophysics dominating theobservable epochs of the cosmic 21 cm signal. We demonstrate that secondgeneration interferometers, the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionisation Array (HERA) andSquare Kilometre Array (SKA) will be able to constrain ionising and X-raysource properties of the first galaxies with a fractional precision of order$\sim1$-10 per cent (1$\sigma$). The ionisation history of the Universe can beconstrained to within a few percent. Using our extended framework, we quantifythe bias in EoR parameter recovery incurred by the common simplification of asaturated spin temperature in the IGM. Depending on the extent of overlapbetween the EoR and EoH, the recovered astrophysical parameters can be biasedby $\sim3-10\sigma$.

Simultaneously constraining the astrophysics of reionisation and the epoch of heating with 21CMMC