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Scattering line polarization and the Hanle effect are among the mostimportant mechanisms for diagnostics of the solar and stellar atmospheres. Thefact that real stellar atmospheres are horizontally inhomogeneous makes thespectral synthesis and interpretation very challenging because the effect ofthermodynamic fluctuations on spectral line polarization is entangled with theaction of magnetic fields. This applies to the spatially resolved as well as tothe averaged spectra. The necessary step towards the interpretation of suchspectra is to study the line formation in sufficiently realistic 3D MHD modelsand comparison of the synthetic spectra with observations. This paper gives anoverview of recent progress in the field of 3D NLTE synthesis of polarizedspectral lines resulting from investigations with the radiative transfer codePORTA.

Three-dimensional simulations of scattering polarization and the Hanle effect in MHD chromospheric models