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One of the major tasks in interpretation of data from large-scale stellarsurveys is to determine the fundamental atmospheric parameters such aseffective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity. In most on-going andupcoming projects, they are derived spectroscopically, with relying onclassical one-dimensional (1D) model atmospheres and the assumption of LTE.This review discusses the present achievements and problems of non-localthermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) line-formation calculations for FGK-typestars. The topics that are addressed include (i) the construction ofcomprehensive model atoms for the chemical elements with complex term system,(ii) possible systematic errors inherent in classical LTE spectroscopicdeterminations of stellar parameters and chemical abundances, (iii) theuncertainties in final NLTE results caused by the uncertainties in atomic data,and (iv) applications of the NLTE line-formation calculations coupled to thespatial and temporal average <3D> models to spectroscopic analyses.

Review: progress in NLTE calculations and their application to large data-sets