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We compare the abundances of various chemical species as derived with 3Dhydrodynamical and classical 1D stellar atmosphere codes in a late-type giantcharacterized by T_eff=3640K, log g = 1.0, [M/H] = 0.0. For this particular setof atmospheric parameters the 3D-1D abundance differences are generally smallfor neutral atoms and molecules but they may reach up to 0.3-0.4 dex in case ofions. The 3D-1D differences generally become increasingly more negative athigher excitation potentials and are typically largest in the opticalwavelength range. Their sign can be both positive and negative, and depends onthe excitation potential and wavelength of a given spectral line. While ourresults obtained with this particular late-type giant model suggest that 1Dstellar atmosphere models may be safe to use with neutral atoms and molecules,care should be taken if they are exploited with ions.

Can we trust elemental abundances derived in late-type giants with the classical 1D stellar atmosphere models?