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An overview is given of the chemical processes that occur in primordialsystems under the influence of radiation, metal abundances and dust surfacereactions. It is found that radiative feedback effects differ for UV and X-rayphotons at any metallicity, with molecules surviving quite well underirradiation by X-rays. Starburst and AGN will therefore enjoy quite differentcooling abilities for their dense molecular gas. The presence of a coolmolecular phase is strongly dependent on metallicity. Strong irradiation bycosmic rays (>100x the Milky Way value) forces a large fraction of the CO gasinto neutral carbon. Dust is important for H2 and HD formation, already atmetallicities of 10^-4-10^-3 solar, for electron abundances below 10^-3.

Interstellar Chemistry: Radiation, Dust and Metals