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The usual theory of plasma relaxation, based on the selective decay ofmagnetic energy over the (global) magnetic helicity, predicts a force-freestate for a plasma. Such a force-free state is inadequate to describe mostrealistic plasma systems occurring in laboratory and space plasmas as itproduces a zero pressure gradient and cannot couple magnetic fields with flow.A different theory of relaxation has been proposed by many authors, based on awell-known principle of irreversible thermodynamics, the principle of minimumentropy production rate which is equivalent to the minimum dissipation rate(MDR) of energy. We demonstrate the applicability of minimum dissipativerelaxed states to various self-organized systems of magnetically confinedplasma in the laboratory and in the astrophysical context. Such relaxed statesare shown to produce a number of basic characteristics of laboratory plasmaconfinement systems and solar arcade structure.

Minimum dissipative relaxed states applied to laboratory and space plasmas