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IN approaching the question of a possible relationship between work environment and cancer mortality, statistical analysis of the experiences of different sections of workers must necessarily be undertaken. In order to carry out such an analysis reasonably accurate information must be available with regard to (a) the workers who have died from cancer in each of the occupational groups under review, and (b) the numbers of workers in each occupational group. With regard to the first point our information is as complete as could be desired. The particulars of deaths were obtained from the official weekly death-sheets returned to the Medical Officer of Health by the local Registrars. In the case of retired or unemployed workers the previous occupation was given, and such deaths were allotted to their appropriate occupational group. For information on the second point we are indebted to the RegistrarGeneral who very kindly supplied us with the numbers of occupied and unoccupied in the various occupational suborders. This information was only available for the following age groups: 14-24, 25-44, 45-69, 70 years and up. It would have been an advantage from the statistical point of view if populations for age groups 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65 and up had been available. Cancer rates in males under the age of 45 years are so low that the error likely to be introduced by using one age group 14-44 instead of the two age groups, 14-24, 25-44, is negligible. With regard to the "over 45" populations the numbers of workers aged 70 and over in each section are so small that any error arising from merging 70 and up, with 45-69 years could not materially affect the mortality rates. It was accordingly decided to calculate "death rates" and "expected deaths" in the two age groups 14-44 and 45 years and up. The division at 45 years of age occurs conveniently with regard to cancer incidence, as in males broadly speaking under 45 years is a period of low cancer mortality, while over 45 is the period of life at which cancer is a frequent cause of death.

An investigation into cancer mortality among males in certain Sheffield trades