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Members of the  Polycomb  group ( Pc -G) and  trithorax  group ( trx -G) of genes, as well as the enhancers of  trx -G and  Pc -G ( ETP ), function together to maintain segment identity during  Drosophila  development. In order to obtain new marked  P  mutations in these genes, we screened for dominant modifiers of the extra-sex-combs phenotype displayed by males mutant for the  polyhomeotic  ( ph ) gene, a member of the  Pc -G group. Five  P{lacW}  insertions in four different genes were found to stably suppress  ph : two are allelic to  trithorax , one is the first allele specific to the  Minute ( 2 ) 21C  gene, and the remaining two define new  trx -G genes,  toutatis (tou)  in 48A and  taranis (tara)  in 89B10-13.  tou  is predicted to encode a 3109 amino acid sequence protein (TOU), which contains a TAM DNA-binding domain, a WAKZ motif, two PHD zinc fingers and a C-terminal bromodomain, and as such is likely to be involved in regulation of chromatin structure as a subunit of a novel chromatin remodelling complex. In a previous study, we found that insertion of a  P{ph}  transposable element containing  ph  regulatory sequences creates a high frequency of mutations modifying  ph  homeotic phenotypes. One such insertion enhanced the  ph  phenotype and we show that it is a new allele of  UbcD1/eff , a gene encoding a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that is involved in telomere association and potentially in chromatin remodelling.

genetical research

Dominant modifiers of the polyhomeotic extra-sex-combs phenotype induced by marked P element insertional mutagenesis in Drosophila