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In recent years, the discovery of massive quasars at z~7 has provided astriking challenge to our understanding of the origin and growth ofsupermassive black holes in the early Universe. Mounting observational andtheoretical evidence indicates the viability of massive seeds, formed by thecollapse of supermassive stars, as a progenitor model for such early, massiveaccreting black holes. Although considerable progress has been made in ourtheoretical understanding, many questions remain regarding how (and how often)such objects may form, how they live and die, and how next generationobservatories may yield new insight into the origin of these primordial titans.This review focusses on our present understanding of this remarkable formationscenario, based on discussions held at the Monash Prato Centre from November20--24, 2017, during the workshop "Titans of the Early Universe: The Origin ofthe First Supermassive Black Holes."

Titans of the Early Universe: The Prato Statement on the Origin of the First Supermassive Black Holes