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IR spectroscopy in the range 12-230 micron with the SPace IR telescope forCosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA) will reveal the physical processes thatgovern the formation and evolution of galaxies and black holes through cosmictime, bridging the gap between the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and thenew generation of Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs) at shorter wavelengths andthe Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) at longer wavelengths. SPICA, withits 2.5-m telescope actively-cooled to below 8K, will obtain the firstspectroscopic determination, in the mid-IR rest-frame, of both thestar-formation rate and black hole accretion rate histories of galaxies,reaching lookback times of 12 Gyr, for large statistically significant samples.Densities, temperatures, radiation fields and gas-phase metallicities will bemeasured in dust-obscured galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGN), sampling alarge range in mass and luminosity, from faint local dwarf galaxies to luminousquasars in the distant Universe. AGN and starburst feedback and feedingmechanisms in distant galaxies will be uncovered through detailed measurementsof molecular and atomic line profiles. SPICA's large-area deepspectrophotometric surveys will provide mid-IR spectra and continuum fluxes forunbiased samples of tens of thousands of galaxies, out to redshifts of z~6.Furthermore, SPICA spectroscopy will uncover the most luminous galaxies in thefirst few hundred million years of the Universe, through their characteristicdust and molecular hydrogen features.

Galaxy evolution studies with the SPace IR telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA): the power of IR spectroscopy