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The Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST) is an 18,000 square meterradio telescope situated some 40 km from the city of Canberra, Australia. Itsoperating band (820-850 MHz) is now partly allocated to mobile phonecommunications, making radio astronomy challenging. We describe how thedeployment of new digital receivers (RX boxes), Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) based filterbanks and server-class computers equipped with 43 GPUs(Graphics Processing Units) has transformed MOST into a versatile newinstrument (the UTMOST) for studying the dynamic radio sky on millisecondtimescales, ideal for work on pulsars and Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs). Thefilterbanks, servers and their high-speed, low-latency network form part of ahybrid solution to the observatory's signal processing requirements. Theemphasis on software and commodity off-the-shelf hardware has enabled rapiddeployment through the re-use of proven 'software backends' for its signalprocessing. The new receivers have ten times the bandwidth of the original MOSTand double the sampling of the line feed, which doubles the field of view. TheUTMOST can simultaneously excise interference, make maps, coherently dedispersepulsars, and perform real-time searches of coherent fan beams for dispersedsingle pulses. Although system performance is still sub-optimal, a pulsartiming and FRB search programme has commenced and the first UTMOST maps havebeen made. The telescope operates as a robotic facility, deciding how toefficiently target pulsars and how long to stay on source, via feedback fromreal-time pulsar folding. The regular timing of over 300 pulsars has resultedin the discovery of 7 pulsar glitches and 3 FRBs. The UTMOST demonstrates thatif sufficient signal processing can be applied to the voltage streams it ispossible to perform innovative radio science in hostile radio frequencyenvironments.

The UTMOST: A hybrid digital signal processor transforms the MOST