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Over the last 15 years, the supernova community has endeavoured to identifyprogenitor stars of core-collapse supernovae in high resolution archival imagesof their galaxies.This review compiles results (from 1999 - 2013) in a distancelimited sample and discusses the implications. The vast majority of thedetections of progenitor stars are of type II-P, II-L or IIb with one type Ibprogenitor system detected and many more upper limits for progenitors of Ibcsupernovae (14). The data for these 45 supernovae progenitors illustrate aremarkable deficit of high luminosity stars above an apparent limit of Log L ~=5.1 dex. For a typical Salpeter IMF, one would expect to have found 13 highluminosity and high mass progenitors. There is, possibly, only one object inthis time and volume limited sample that is unambiguously high mass (theprogenitor of SN2009ip). The possible biases due to the influence ofcircumstellar dust and sample selection methods are reviewed. It does notappear likely that these can explain the missing high mass progenitor stars.This review concludes that the observed populations of supernovae in the localUniverse are not, on the whole, produced by high mass (M > ~18Msun) stars.Theoretical explosions of model stars also predict that black hole formationand failed supernovae tend to occur above M > ~18Msun. The models also suggestthere are islands of explodability for stars in the 8-120Msun range. Theobservational constraints are quite consistent with the bulk of stars above M >~18Msun collapsing to form black holes with no visible supernovae. (Abridged).

Observational constraints on the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae : the case for missing high mass stars