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The production of meltwater from glacier ice, which is exposed at the marginsof land ice during the summer, is responsible for a large proportion of glaciermass loss. The rate of meltwater production from glacier ice is especiallysensitive to its physical structure and chemical composition which combine todetermine the albedo of glacier ice. However, the optical properties ofnear-surface glacier ice are not well known since most prior work has focusedon ice made in the laboratory or from deep cores. Here, we demonstrate ameasurement technique based on diffuse propagation of nanosecond-duration laserpulses in near-surface glacier ice that enables the independent measurement ofthe scattering and absorption coefficients, allowing for a complete descriptionof the processes governing radiative transfer. We employ a photon-countingdetector to overcome the high losses associated with diffuse optics. Theinstrument is highly portable and rugged, making it optimally suited fordeployment in remote regions. A set of measurements taken on Collier Glacier,Oregon, serves as a demonstration of the technique. These measurements provideinsight into both physical structure and composition of near-surface glacierice and open new avenues for the analysis of light-absorbing impurities andremote sensing of the cryosphere.

Direct measurement of optical properties of glacier ice using a photon-counting diffuse LiDAR