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We present a numerical analysis of the lateral movement and equilibriumradial positions of red blood cells (RBCs) with major diameter of 8 $\mu$munder a Newtonian fluid in a circular channel with 50-$\mu$m diameter. EachRBC, modelled as a biconcave capsule whose membrane satisfies strain-hardeningcharacteristics, is simulated for different Reynolds numbers $Re$ and capillarynumbers $Ca$, the latter of which indicate the ratio of the fluid viscous forceto the membrane elastic force. The effects of initial orientation angles andpositions on the equilibrium radial position of an RBC centroid are alsoinvestigated. The numerical results show that depending on their initialorientations, RBCs have bistable flow modes, so-called rolling and tumblingmotions. Most RBCs have a rolling motion. These stable modes are accompanied bydifferent equilibrium radial positions, where tumbling RBCs are further awayfrom the channel axis than rolling ones. The inertial migration of RBCs isachieved by alternating orientation angles, which are primarily affected by theinitial orientation angles. Then the RBCs assume the aforementioned bistablemodes during the migration, followed by further migration to the equilibriumradial position at much longer time periods. The power (or energy dissipation)associated with membrane deformations is introduced to quantify the state ofmembrane loads. The energy expenditures rely on stable flow modes, theequilibrium radial position of RBC centroids, and the viscosity ratio betweenthe internal and external fluids.

Inertial migration of red blood cells under a Newtonian fluid in a circular channel