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The dynamics of spherical laser-induced cavitation bubbles in water isinvestigated by plasma photography, time-resolved shadowgraphs, and single-shotprobe beam scattering enabling to portray the transition from initial nonlinearto late linear oscillations. The frequency of late oscillations yields thebubble's gas content. Simulations with the Gilmore model using plasma size asinput and oscillation times as fit parameter provide insights intoexperimentally not accessible bubble parameters and shock wave emission. Themodel is extended by a term covering the initial shock-driven acceleration ofthe bubble wall, an automated method determining shock front position andpressure decay, and an energy balance for the partitioning of absorbed laserenergy into vaporization, bubble and shock wave energy, and dissipation throughviscosity and condensation. These tools are used for analysing a scatteringsignal covering 102 oscillation cycles. The bubble was produced by a plasmawith 1550 K average temperature and had 36 $\mu$m maximum radius. Predictedbubble wall velocities during expansion agree well with experimental data. Uponfirst collapse, most energy was stored in the compressed liquid around thebubble and then radiated away acoustically. The collapsed bubble contained morevapour than gas, and its pressure was 13.5 GPa. The pressure of the reboundshock wave initially decayed $\propto r^{-1.8}$, and energy dissipation at theshock front heated liquid near the bubble wall above the superheat limit. Theshock-induced temperature rise reduces damping during late bubble oscillations.Bubble dynamics changes significantly for small bubbles with less than 10$\mu$m radius.

Comprehensive analysis of spherical bubble oscillations and shock wave emission in laser-induced cavitation