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The ability of microswimmers to deploy optimal propulsion strategies is ofparamount importance for their locomotory performance and survival at lowReynolds numbers. Although for perfectly spherical swimmers minimum dissipationrequires a neutral type swimming, any departure from the spherical shape maylead the swimmer to adopt a new propulsion strategy, namely those of puller- orpusher-type swimming. In this study, by using the minimum dissipation theoremfor microswimmers, we determine the flow field of an optimal nearly sphericalswimmer, and show that indeed depending on the shape profile, the optimalswimmer can be a puller, pusher, or neutral. Using an asymptotic approach, wefind that amongst all the modes of the shape function, only the third modedetermines to leading order the swimming type of the optimal swimmer.

Optimal swimmer can be puller, pusher, or neutral depending on the shape