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The generation of a tsunami wave by an aerial landslide is investigatedthrough model laboratory experiments. We examine the collapse of an initiallydry column of grains into a shallow water layer and the subsequent generationof waves. The experiments show that the collective entry of the granularmaterial into water governs the wave generation process. We observe that theamplitude of the wave relative to the water height scales linearly with theFroude number based on the horizontal velocity of the moving granular frontrelative to the wave velocity. For all the different parameters consideredhere, the aspect ratio and the volume of the column, the diameter and densityof the grains, and the height of the water, the granular collapse acts like amoving piston displacing the water. We also highlight that the density of thefalling grains has a negligible influence on the wave amplitude, which suggeststhat the volume of grains entering the water is the relevant parameter in thewave generation.

Experimental investigation of tsunami waves generated by granular collapse into water