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We carry out direct numerical simulation combined with adhesive discreteelement calculations to investigate collision-induced breakage of agglomeratesin homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Based on extensive simulation runs, anadhesion parameter Adn is constructed to quantify the possibility of occurrenceof sticking, rebound, and breakage events. The collision-induced breakage rateis then formulated based on the Smoluchowski equation and a breakage fraction.The breakage fraction, defined as the fraction of collisions that result inbreakage, is then analytically estimated by a convolution of the probabilitydistribution of collision velocity and a universal transfer function. It isshown that the breakage rate decreases exponentially as the adhesion parameterAdn increases for doublets and scales as linear functions of the agglomeratesize, with the slope controlled by Adn. These results allow one to estimate thebreakage rate for early-stage agglomerates of arbitrary size. Moreover, therole of the flow structure on the collision-induced breakage is also examined.Violent collisions and breakages are more likely caused by particles ejectedrapidly from strong vortices and happen in straining sheets. Our results extendthe findings of shear-induced fragmentation, forming a more complete picture ofbreakage of agglomerates in turbulent flows.

Collision-induced breakage of agglomerates in homogenous isotropic turbulence laden with adhesive particles