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We tackle the question of how anisotropy in flows subject to backgroundrotation favours structures elongated along the rotation axis, especially inturbulent flows. A new, wave-free mechanism is identified that challenges thecurrent understanding of the process. Inertial waves propagating near therotation axis are generally accepted as the most efficient mechanism totransport energy anisotropically. They have been shown to transfer energy tolarge anisotropic, columnar structures. Nevertheless, they cannot account forthe formation of simpler steady anisotropic phenomena such as Taylor columns.Here, we experimentally show that more than one mechanism involving theCoriolis force may promote anisotropy. In particular, in the limit of fastrotation, that is at low Rossby number, anisotropy favouring the direction ofrotation of the average of a turbulent flow arises neither because of inertialwaves nor following the same mechanism as in steady Taylor columns, but from aninterplay between the Coriolis force and average advection.

Mean flow anisotropy without waves in rotating turbulence