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In this paper, we employ Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) theory for thethree dimensional vortex eduction and investigate the effect of large-scalevortical structures on the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) andentrainment of a gravity current. The gravity current is realizedexperimentally and different levels of stratification are examined. For flowmeasurements, we use a multivolume three-dimensional particle trackingvelocimetry technique. To identify vortical LCSs (VLCSs), a fully automated 3Dextraction algorithm for multiple flow structures based on the so-calledLagrangian-Averaged Vorticity Deviation method is implemented. The size, theorientation and the shape of the VLCSs are analyzed and the results show thatthese characteristics depend only weakly on the strength of the stratification.Through conditional analysis, we provide evidence that VLCSs modulate theaverage TNTI height, affecting consequently the entrainment process.Furthermore, VLCSs influence the local entrainment velocity and organize theflow field on both the turbulent and non-turbulent sides of the gravity currentboundary.

Lagrangian coherent structures and entrainment near the turbulent/non-turbulent interface of a gravity current