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Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and subsurface storage is one method forreducing anthropogenic CO2 emissions to mitigate climate change. It is wellknown that large-scale fluid injection into the subsurface leads to a buildupin pressure that gradually spreads and dissipates through lateral and verticalmigration of water. This dissipation can have an important feedback on theshape of the CO2 plume during injection, and the impact of vertical pressuredissipation, in particular, remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate theimpact of lateral and vertical pressure dissipation on the injection of CO2into a layered aquifer system. We develop a compressible, two-phase model thatcouples pressure dissipation to the propagation of a CO2 gravity current. Weshow that our vertically integrated, sharp-interface model is capable ofefficiently and accurately capturing water migration in a layered aquifersystem with an arbitrary number of aquifers. We identify two limiting cases ---`no leakage' and `strong leakage' --- in which we derive analytical expressionsfor the water pressure field for the corresponding single-phase injectionproblem. We demonstrate that pressure dissipation acts to suppress theformation of an advancing CO2 tongue during injection, resulting in a plumewith a reduced lateral extent. The properties of the seals and the number ofaquifers determine the strength of pressure dissipation and subsequent couplingwith the CO2 plume. The impact of pressure dissipation on the shape of the CO2plume is likely to be important for storage efficiency and security.

Impact of pressure dissipation on fluid injection into layered aquifers