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Water wave attenuation by grease ice is a key mechanism for the polarregions, as waves in ice influence many phenomena such as ice drift, icebreaking, and ice formation. However, the models presented so far in theliterature are limited in a number of regards, and more insights are requiredfrom either laboratory experiments or fieldwork for these models to bevalidated and improved. Unfortunately, performing detailed measurements of wavepropagation in grease ice, either on the field or in the laboratory, ischallenging. As a consequence, laboratory data are relatively scarce, and oftenconsist of only a couple of wave elevation measurements along the length of thewave tank. We present combined measurements of wave elevation using an array ofultrasonic probes, and water kinematics using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV),in a small-scale wave tank experiment. Experiments are performed over a widerfrequency range than what has been previously investigated. The wave elevationmeasurements are used to compute the wave number and exponential dampingcoefficient. By contrast with a previous study in grease ice, we find that thewave number is consistent with the mass loading model, i.e. it increasescompared with the open water case. Wave attenuation is compared with a seriesof one-layer models, and we show that they satisfactorily describe the viscousdamping that is taking place. PIV data are also consistent with exponentialwave amplitude attenuation, and a POD analysis reveals the existence of meanflows under the ice that are a consequence of the displacement and packing ofthe ice induced by the gradient in the wave-induced stress. Finally, we showthat the dynamics of grease ice can generate eddy structures that inject eddyviscosity in the water under the grease ice, which would lead to enhancedmixing and participating in energy dissipation.

Experiments on wave propagation in grease ice: combined wave gauges and PIV measurements