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Compressible flow varies from ideal-gas behavior at high pressures wheremolecular interactions become important. Density is described through a cubicequation of state while enthalpy and sound speed are functions of bothtemperature and pressure, based on two parameters, A and B, related tointermolecular attraction and repulsion, respectively. Assuming smallvariations from ideal-gas behavior, a closed-form solution is obtained that isvalid over a wide range of conditions. An expansion in thesemolecular-interaction parameters simplifies relations for flow variables,elucidating the role of molecular repulsion and attraction in variations fromideal-gas behavior. Real-gas modifications in density, enthalpy, and soundspeed for a given pressure and temperature lead to variations in many basiccompressible flow configurations. Sometimes, the variations can be substantialin quantitative or qualitative terms. The new approach is applied tochoked-nozzle flow, isentropic flow, nonlinear-wave propagation, and flowacross a shock wave, all for the real gas. Modifications are obtained forallowable mass-flow through a choked nozzle, nozzle thrust, sonic wave speed,Riemann invariants, Prandtl's shock relation, and the Rankine-Hugoniotrelations. Forced acoustic oscillations can show substantial augmentation ofpressure amplitudes when real-gas effects are taken into account. Shocks athigher temperatures and pressures can have larger pressure jumps with real-gaseffects. Weak shocks decay to zero strength at sonic speed. The proposedframework can rely on any cubic equation of state and be applied tomulticomponent flows or to more-complex flow configurations.

Compressible Flow at High Pressure with Linear Equation of State