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Gravity-driven turbulent bedload transport has been extensively studied overthe past century in regard to its importance for Earth surface processes suchas natural riverbed morphological evolution. In the present contribution, theinfluence of the longitudinal channel inclination angle on gravity-driventurbulent bedload transport is studied in an idealised framework consideringsteady and uniform flow conditions. From an analytical analysis based on thetwo-phase continuous equations, it is shown that : (i) the classical slopecorrection of the critical Shields number is based on an erroneous formulationof the buoyancy force, (ii) the influence of the slope is not restricted to thecritical Shields number but affects the whole transport formula and (iii)pressure-driven and gravity-driven turbulent bedload transport are notequivalent from the slope influence standpoint. Analysing further the granularflow driving mechanisms, the longitudinal slope is shown to not only influencethe fluid bed shear stress and the resistance of the granular bed, but also toaffect the fluid flow inside the granular bed - responsible for the transitionfrom bedload transport to debris flow. The relative influence of these coupledmechanisms allows us to understand the evolution of the vertical structure ofthe granular flow and to predict the transport rate scaling law as a functionof a rescaled Shields number. The theoretical analysis is validated withcoupled fluid-discrete element simulations of idealised gravity-driventurbulent bedload transport, performed over a wide range of Shields numbervalues, density ratios and channel inclination angles. In particular, all thedata are shown to collapse onto a master curve when considering the sedimenttransport rate as a function of the proposed rescaled Shields number.

Revisiting slope influence in turbulent bedload transport: consequences for vertical flow structure and transport rate scaling