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Using high-resolution particle image velocimetry we measure velocityprofiles, the wind Reynolds number and characteristics of turbulent plumes inTaylor-Couette flow for a radius ratio of 0.5 and Taylor number of up to$6.2\cdot10^9$. The extracted angular velocity profiles follow a log-law moreclosely than the azimuthal velocity profiles due to the strong curvature ofthis $\eta=0.5$ setup. The scaling of the wind Reynolds number with the Taylornumber agrees with the theoretically predicted 3/7-scaling for the classicalturbulent regime, which is much more pronounced than for the well-explored$\eta=0.71$ case, for which the ultimate regime sets in at much lower Ta. Bymeasuring at varying axial positions, roll structures are found forcounter-rotation while no clear coherent structures are seen for pure innercylinder rotation. In addition, turbulent plumes coming from the inner andouter cylinder are investigated. For pure inner cylinder rotation, the plumesin the radial velocity move away from the inner cylinder, while the plumes inthe azimuthal velocity mainly move away from the outer cylinder. Forcounter-rotation, the mean radial flow in the roll structures strongly affectsthe direction and intensity of the turbulent plumes. Furthermore, it isexperimentally confirmed that in regions where plumes are emitted, boundarylayer profiles with a logarithmic signature are created.

Taylor-Couette turbulence at radius ratio $\eta=0.5$: scaling, flow structures and plumes