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Perturbations in a non-normal system can grow transiently even if the systemis linearly stable. If this transient growth is sufficiently large, it cantrigger self-sustained oscillations from small initial disturbances. This hasimportant practical consequences for combustion-acoustic oscillations, whichare a continual problem in rocket and aircraft engines. Balasubramanian andSujith (Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2008, 594, 29-57) modelled an infinite-ratechemistry diffusion flame in an acoustic duct and found that the transientgrowth in this system can amplify the initial energy by a factor, $G_{max}$, oforder $10^5$ to $10^7$. However, recent investigations by L. Magri & M. P.Juniper have brought to light certain errors in that paper. When the errors arecorrected, $G_{max}$ is found to be of order 1 to 10, revealing thatnon-normality is not as influential as it was thought to be.

Non-normality in combustion-acoustic interaction in diffusion flames: a critical revision