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As a generalization of the mass-flux based classical stream-tube, the conceptof momentum and energy transport tubes is discussed as a flow visualizationtool. These transport tubes have the property, respectively, that no fluxes ofmomentum or energy exist over their respective tube mantles. As an exampleapplication using data from large-eddy simulation, such tubes are visualizedfor the mean-flow structure of turbulent flow in large wind farms, in fullydeveloped wind-turbine-array boundary layers. The three-dimensionalorganization of energy transport tubes changes considerably when turbinespacings are varied, enabling the visualization of the path taken by thekinetic energy flux that is ultimately available at any given turbine withinthe array.

Flow visualization using momentum and energy transport tubes and applications to turbulent flow in wind farms