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The Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) experiment at the South Pole is designed todetect high-energy neutrinos which, via in-ice interactions, produce coherentradiation at frequencies up to 1000 MHz. In Dec. 2018, a custom high-amplituderadio-frequency transmitter was lowered into the 1700 m SPICE ice core toprovide test sources for ARA receiver stations sensitive to vertical andhorizontal polarizations. For these tests, signal geometries correspond toobliquely propagating radio waves from below. The ARA collaboration hasrecently measured the polarization-dependent time delay variation, and reportmore significant time delays for trajectories perpendicular to ice flow. Herewe use fabric data from the SPICE ice core to construct a bounding model forthe ice birefringence and the polarization time delays across ARA. Thedata-model comparison is consistent with the vertical girdle fabric at theSouth Pole having the prevailing horizontal crystallographic axis orientednear-perpendicular to ice flow. This study presents the possibility that icebirefringence can be used to constrain the range to a neutrino interaction, andhence aid in neutrino energy reconstruction, for in-ice experiments such asARA.

Modelling ice birefringence and oblique radio wave propagation for neutrino detection at the South Pole