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Low-density lipoprotein oxidation and antioxidant vitamins E and C were investigated in dipper (nocturnal blood pressure fall &gt; 10%) and nondipper (nocturnal blood pressure fall &lt; 10%) hypertensives. We studied 40 dippers and 28 nondippers balanced for gender, age, and body mass index. Blood samples were drawn for lipid profile determination, assessment of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and fluorescent products of lipid peroxidation in native low-density lipoprotein, evaluation of susceptibility to low-density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro (lag phase and propagation rate), and determination of low-density lipoprotein vitamin E and plasma vitamins E and C contents. Compared with dippers, nondippers had significantly higher thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and fluorescent products of lipid peroxidation (0.63 +/- 0.1 v 0.77 +/- 0.08 nmol malondialdehyde/mg low-density lipoprotein protein, and 14.5 +/- 6 v 17.9 +/- 4 units of relative fluorescence/mg low-density lipoprotein protein, respectively, both P &lt; .05), shorter lag phase (56 +/- 13 v 49 +/- 9 min, P &lt; .05), and lower plasma vitamin C content (42 +/- 9 v 35 +/- 10 micromol/L, P &lt; .05). When gender was taken into account, differences were not significant between dipper and nondipper men, whereas, compared with dipper women, nondipper women showed significantly higher thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and fluorescent products of lipid peroxidation (0.56 +/- 0.1 v 0.77 +/- 0.07 nmol malondialdehyde/mg low-density lipoprotein protein, and 12.5 +/- 4 v 17.5 +/- 4.6 units of relative fluorescence/mg low-density lipoprotein protein, respectively, both P &lt; .05), shorter lag phase (62.5 +/- 11 v 49 +/- 9.5 min, P &lt; .05), and lower plasma vitamin C content (44.9 +/- 10 v 34.7 +/- 10.8 micromol/L, P &lt; .05). Given the role of low-density lipoprotein oxidation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and that of vitamin C in protecting against it, our data suggest that nondippers, especially among women, show higher atherogenic risk than dippers.

Blunted nocturnal fall in blood pressure and oxidative stress in men and women with essential hypertension