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In patients with panic disorder or premenstrual dysphoria, anxiety attacks can be triggered by intravenous administration of sodium lactate. Since respiratory symptoms, such as hyperventilation and shortness of breath, are characteristic features of spontaneous as well as lactate-induced panic, an involvement of central or peripheral chemoreceptors in this reaction has been suggested. In the present study, we examined to what extent intravenous infusion of sodium lactate influences respiratory parameters in freely moving male and female Wistar rats. Prompted by clinical reports suggesting that the susceptibility to spontaneous and lactate-induced anxiety may be influenced by the menstrual cycle, we also investigated if the effect of lactate on respiration in female rats is estrus cycle-dependent. Male and ovariectomized female rats exposed to sodium lactate displayed a larger increase in respiratory rate than rats given an infusion of saline. In intact female rats, the response to lactate infusion was significantly more pronounced in the diestrus phase than in the proestrus/estrus phase of the cycle. It is concluded that sodium lactate is a respiratory stimulant in rat, and that this effect is influenced by female sex steroids.

Respiratory Responses to Intravenous Infusion of Sodium Lactate in Male and Female Wistar Rats