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Cold atmospheric plasmas (CAP) are weakly ionized gases that can be generatedin ambient air. They produce energetic species (e.g. electrons, metastables) aswell as reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, UV radiations andlocal electric field. Their interaction with a liquid such as tap water canhence change its chemical composition. The resulting "plasma-activated liquid"can meet many applications, including medicine and agriculture. Consequently, acomplete experimental set of analytical techniques dedicated to thecharacterization of long lifetime chemical species has been implemented tocharacterize tap water treated using CAP process and intended to agronomyapplications. For that purpose, colorimetry and acid titrations are performed,considering acid-base equilibria, pH and temperature variations induced duringplasma activation. 16 species are quantified and monitored: hydroxide andhydronium ions, ammonia and ammonium ions, orthophosphates, carbonate ions,nitrite and nitrate ions and hydrogen peroxide. The relatedconsumption/production mechanisms are discussed. In parallel, a chemical modelof electrical conductivity based on Kohlrausch's law has been developed tosimulate the electrical conductivity of the plasma-activated tap water (PATW).Comparing its predictions with experimental measurements leads to a narrowfitting, hence supporting the self-sufficiency of the experimental set.Finally, to evaluate the potential of cold atmospheric plasmas for agricultureapplications, tap water has been daily plasma-treated to irrigate lentilsseeds. Then, seedlings lengths have been measured and compared with untreatedtap water, showing an increase as high as 34.0% and 128.4% after 3 days and 6days of activation respectively. The interaction mechanisms between plasma andtap water are discussed as well as their positive synergy on agronomic results.

water research

Plasma-activation of tap water using DBD for agronomy applications:  Identification and quantification of long lifetime chemical species and  production/consumption mechanisms